How Many Calories in 6 Oz Korean Beef Ribs
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special furnishings and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite motion picture characters to life, The Sorcerer of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th ceremony of the film, follow the yellowish brick slideshow to peek behind that pall and learn more about the secrets and fun facts that brand the honey film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Film
Equally a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a part in the 1939 film adaptation. Hamilton called her agent to enquire which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed work time. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the stop, Hamilton was on set up for three months, merely many of her scenes were cutting for being likewise scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Look Was More Picture Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't hateful Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the fourth dimension, the 16-twelvemonth-old Garland had to wearable a corset-like device so she looked more than like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "babe-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent daughter would…). Luckily, that vision of the graphic symbol inverse. Later on MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Peachy Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of swell film tricks, and some of the near unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Metropolis, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in blackness fume.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — W West W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
1 of the Wicked Witch'due south last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'southward quest to see the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the outcome of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more breathy toxic connectedness than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the wellness risks associated with the material were known at the time, information technology was still Hollywood's preferred pick for simulated snowfall. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Human being'south) willingness to trade parts with him. The Can Human's aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup feel was better than Ebsen's, he still had some bug. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a prophylactic prosthetic, consummate with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. After the picture wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and ruddy fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the offset accept, the fume rose from a subconscious trapdoor too early.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, just her cape snagged on the platform when the burn flared upwardly. Her copper-containing makeup heated upwardly instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and face up. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're chosen in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Most as scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut downwards on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature condom monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Near on the Cutting Room Floor
To no 1's surprise, the American Film Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was virtually cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song'due south significant. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted similar lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's bawling reprise of the song was left on the cutting room flooring.
The Tin can Man Costume Didn't Permit Jack Haley to Residue Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a xc-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't accept it easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face up and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" trunk and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and so stiff that he had to lean against a board to rest properly. Many years later on, histrion Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi tin't assistance folks escape all their bug.
The Original Tin Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen's new graphic symbol, the Tin Man, caused him a world of bug. Namely, the character'south silver makeup independent a harmful aluminum grit that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To brand matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the function with Jack Haley (and inverse up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the terminal picture, his vocals can be heard in "Nosotros're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave United states the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really concur up. The funnel itself was really a 35-human foot long stocking made of muslin. The special furnishings team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale business firm, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature business firm that was dropped onto a heaven painting. Filmmakers so reversed the footage to make it look like the business firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upward Then Either
Pay inequality has ever been an consequence in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, vox of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), fabricated $970 for her performance. The film went on to make roughly $viii million.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was meliorate than Caselotti'south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it still didn't reverberate the pic'due south success. Even more than discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the domestic dog earned $125 per week every bit Toto. A existent yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Panthera leo Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM idea it might cast its mascot — the bodily lion used in the studio's title carte — equally the cowardly grapheme. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr equally the anthropomorphic character instead.
To brand a convincing animate being, the costume department fashioned Lahr a xc-pound outfit made from real lion skin. Nevertheless, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his grapheme's nerves. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Role Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $ii,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $50 one thousand thousand adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie only earned $3 million at the box office — nearly $51.8 million by today'southward standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Low-era film, remember that Disney made $8 million with Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's pocket-sized success in the U.S. barely covered production and moving-picture show rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the film's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Likewise"
Judy Garland was just 16 years old when she was cast every bit Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to immature actors to help them sleep after studios shot them up with adrenaline then they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't assistance, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a author for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her lilliputian more their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vocalism of Snowfall White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Magician of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'southward feature-length animated flick Snowfall White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Not merely did the film revolutionize the blitheness industry, information technology as well reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the about successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Sorcerer of Oz, simply MGM endemic the rights. Past happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited function in Oz. During the Tin Man'south "If I Only Had a Center," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art one thousand Romeo?"
The Carmine Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy'south iconic footwear was originally argent, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the ruby-red colour would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM'due south principal costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Establishment's National Museum of American History. Since the brandish is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet at that place several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only 1 Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Sorcerer of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another world — consummate with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, nigh all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted past studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to send audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the picture is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent bargain.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the most beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously non a huge fan of special effects and can often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Homo spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to find i that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was and then fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton besides believed her grapheme was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'south costume to show kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her most the character.
According to Hamilton, the then-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was also a sad, alone effigy. In brusk, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked besides takes this approach to the Witch'south character.
The "Horse of a Unlike Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were but as amazed equally Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin can Man and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thanks to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to movement quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet care for. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-fatigued carriage was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch'south flight monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy film. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM chosen upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since almost of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming associates line. Most actors had to go far earlier 5:00 in the morn — half-dozen days a week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Pic
The film is chock-total of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of existence responsible for some of the most quoted lines in picture show history likewise. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "At that place'south no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the oft misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch'due south Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a unlike color" sequence, some other iconic, special furnishings-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the cherry-red slippers from the young daughter'due south feet. However, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "burn down" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to make it look more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was role fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor photographic camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the fix up to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on film, especially in colorized form. For example, the white role of Dorothy'southward dress is actually pinkish — simply considering information technology filmed better. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited most? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the Due east Makes More than Than One Advent
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the Due east, who was the short-lived owner of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if but briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her sleeping room window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the pic makes that shimmer fifty-fifty more noticeable.
The Film's Running Fourth dimension Was Cut Downwards Several Times
The first cut of the film clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nothing past today's Marvel motion picture standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Afterwards cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, later on, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Urban center reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Expressionless," a scene where the Can Homo becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton'south Wicked Witch of the West operation too frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. Only not everyone idea her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'southward nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film's starring foes were actually friends. 1 story that emerged from the ready described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to vesture it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a printing bout the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," every bit opposed to the more apt "Colour Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes information technology seem every bit though the entire flick was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a small-scale syntactical faux pas?
It'south widely believed this was a flake of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the fourth dimension of the movie'south debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History's About-Watched Films
Although The Sorcerer of Oz proved popular in theaters, another picture show released the same year, besides directed by Victor Fleming, really topped the box office. (You may have heard of that trivial pic — it's called Gone with the Wind.) Still, MGM'southward musical fantasy may have more than staying power than other films of the era, thank you in role to re-releases.
The film was first circulate on television on November three, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 1000000 viewers. Information technology's believed that The Wizard of Oz is ane of the 10 most-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
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